On-demand water heaters, also known as tankless water heaters, are a popular choice for homeowners looking to save energy and reduce their utility bills. These innovative appliances heat water only when it’s needed, eliminating the standby heat loss that occurs with traditional storage tank water heaters. However, a common question that arises is whether on-demand water heaters can only run on propane or if they have the flexibility to operate on other fuel sources as well.
Fuel Sources for On-Demand Water Heaters
On-demand water heaters can be powered by a variety of fuel sources, including:
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Natural Gas: Natural gas is a widely available and relatively affordable fuel source for on-demand water heaters. These units can be easily connected to the existing natural gas line in a home, making them a convenient option for many homeowners.
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Propane: Propane is another fuel option for on-demand water heaters. Propane tankless water heaters offer the same on-demand heating capabilities as their natural gas counterparts, but they require a separate propane storage tank and regular refills.
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Electricity: Some on-demand water heaters are designed to run on electricity, which can be a suitable option for homes without access to natural gas or propane infrastructure.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Fuel Source
When selecting an on-demand water heater, the choice between natural gas, propane, or electric models will depend on several factors:
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Fuel Availability: The availability of natural gas, propane, or electricity in your local area will be a primary consideration. If one fuel source is more readily available or accessible, it may be the more practical choice.
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Fuel Costs: The ongoing cost of the fuel can also impact the long-term operating expenses of the on-demand water heater. Natural gas is generally less expensive than propane, but propane tankless water heaters are often more energy-efficient, which can offset the higher fuel costs.
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Installation Requirements: Natural gas on-demand water heaters can typically be connected to the existing gas line, while propane models require a separate propane tank and more complex installation. This may be a factor in the overall cost and complexity of the installation process.
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Energy Efficiency: Propane on-demand water heaters tend to have a higher energy factor (EF) rating, which indicates a higher level of energy efficiency. This can translate to lower energy consumption and potentially lower utility bills.
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Venting Requirements: On-demand water heaters, regardless of the fuel source, require proper venting to ensure safe and efficient operation. The venting requirements may vary depending on the fuel type and the specific model of the water heater.
Technical Specifications of On-Demand Water Heaters
The technical specifications of on-demand water heaters can vary widely depending on the manufacturer and model, but some common specifications include:
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Flow Rate: The flow rate, measured in gallons per minute (GPM), determines the maximum amount of hot water the heater can produce at a given time. Typical flow rates range from 2 to 12 GPM, with higher-capacity models suitable for larger households.
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Energy Factor (EF): The energy factor is a measure of the heater’s overall efficiency. On-demand water heaters typically have EF ratings between 0.80 and 0.95, with higher ratings indicating more efficient models.
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Temperature Rise: The temperature rise is the difference between the incoming water temperature and the desired hot water temperature. This specification is important in determining the heater’s ability to provide the desired hot water temperature.
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Venting Requirements: On-demand water heaters require proper venting to ensure safe and efficient operation. The venting requirements may vary based on the fuel source and the specific model, and may include options such as direct venting, power venting, or sealed combustion.
DIY Installation Considerations
While it is possible for experienced DIYers to install an on-demand water heater, it is generally recommended to have the installation performed by a licensed and qualified professional. Improper installation of gas-powered water heaters can be dangerous and may even be illegal in some jurisdictions.
Some key considerations for DIY installation include:
- Ensuring proper gas line connections and sizing
- Properly venting the water heater to the outside
- Verifying the water heater’s compatibility with the existing plumbing system
- Adhering to all local building codes and safety regulations
If you do decide to attempt a DIY installation, it is crucial to thoroughly research the process, obtain any necessary permits, and follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully. However, for the safety of you and your family, it is generally advisable to leave the installation to a licensed professional.
Conclusion
In summary, on-demand water heaters are not limited to running solely on propane. These versatile appliances can be powered by a variety of fuel sources, including natural gas and electricity, in addition to propane. The choice of fuel source will depend on factors such as availability, cost, energy efficiency, and installation requirements. By understanding the technical specifications and considerations for each fuel type, homeowners can make an informed decision when selecting the best on-demand water heater for their needs.
References:
- Propane Tankless Water Heater Myths – Rhoads Energy
- Propane Tankless Water Heaters vs Natural Gas Tankless – Intellihot
- Propane On DEmand Water Heater | Trawler Forum
- Propane Tankless Water Heaters: Your Complete Guide | Propane North Carolina
- On demand water heater using a propane tank | DIY Stack Exchange