Electric Boiler Fumigation is a widely adopted method for maintaining microbiological cleanliness in surgical theaters, a crucial step in preventing surgical site infections (SSIs), the second most common cause of hospital-acquired infections. This comprehensive guide delves into the intricate details and technical specifications of this sterilization technique, providing a valuable resource for healthcare professionals and facility managers.
Fumigation Procedure
The electric boiler fumigation method involves a meticulous four-step process to ensure thorough sterilization of the operating theater.
Preparation
- Thoroughly clean the room, including windows, doors, floor, walls, surgery table, and all washable equipment, using soap and water.
- Tightly close windows and ventilators, sealing any openings with cellophane tape or other suitable materials.
- Switch off all lights, air conditioning, and other electrical and electronic items.
- Calculate the room size in cubic feet (L × B × H) to determine the required amount of formaldehyde.
Precaution
- Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) such as caps, masks, foot covers, and spectacles to safeguard against the irritant and carcinogenic effects of formaldehyde.
- Post a prominent warning notice on the front door to alert others of the ongoing fumigation process.
Fumigation
- For every 1000 cubic feet of room volume, add 500 ml of 40% formaldehyde solution and 1000 ml of distilled water to the electric boiler.
- Switch on the boiler and leave the room, sealing the door behind you.
- After 45 minutes (the duration may vary depending on the boiler’s heating efficiency), switch off the boiler without entering the room.
Neutralization
- Remove the fumigation system from the operating theater.
- Neutralize the toxicity of the formaldehyde vapor using a 10% ammonia solution.
- Pour 300 ml of 10% ammonia for every 500 ml of formaldehyde used, at least 4 hours before the “Sterility Test” is conducted.
Technical Specifications
Electric Boiler
The electric boiler used in the fumigation process must be capable of generating sufficient heat to effectively vaporize the formaldehyde solution. Key specifications include:
- Heating capacity: The boiler should be able to heat the formaldehyde-water mixture to the required temperature for efficient vaporization.
- Thermostat control: Precise temperature regulation is essential to ensure the formaldehyde vapor is maintained at the optimal concentration.
- Power rating: The boiler’s power rating should be appropriate for the size of the operating theater, typically ranging from 3 kW to 6 kW for small to medium-sized rooms.
- Insulation: Proper insulation of the boiler and associated piping helps to minimize heat loss and maintain the desired vapor concentration.
Formaldehyde Solution
The formaldehyde solution used in the fumigation process should be a 40% concentration in water. This concentration ensures the appropriate balance between efficacy and safety.
Room Size Calculation
Accurately calculating the room size in cubic feet (length × breadth × height) is crucial to determine the required amount of formaldehyde. This calculation ensures the proper dosage is used, maximizing the effectiveness of the fumigation process.
Neutralization
The use of a 10% ammonia solution is recommended to neutralize the toxicity of the formaldehyde vapor. The recommended ratio is 300 ml of 10% ammonia for every 500 ml of formaldehyde used, with a minimum of 4 hours between the neutralization and the “Sterility Test.”
Safety Considerations
Ensuring the safety of healthcare personnel and patients is of paramount importance during the electric boiler fumigation process. Key safety measures include:
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Proper use of PPE, such as caps, masks, foot covers, and spectacles, is mandatory to protect against the irritant and carcinogenic effects of formaldehyde.
- Warning Notice: Posting a clear and visible warning notice on the front door of the operating theater is essential to alert others of the ongoing fumigation process.
- Ventilation: Adequate ventilation must be provided after the fumigation process to remove any residual formaldehyde vapor, ensuring a safe environment for subsequent surgical procedures.
Conclusion
Electric Boiler Fumigation is a critical component of maintaining a sterile and safe environment in surgical theaters. By adhering to the detailed procedures and technical specifications outlined in this comprehensive guide, healthcare facilities can effectively implement this sterilization method, contributing to the prevention of surgical site infections and ensuring the highest standards of patient care.
References
- The Microbiology Blog. (2009). Operation Theatre Sterilization by Fumigation. Retrieved from https://www.themicrobiologyblog.com/2009/08/operation-theater-sterilization-by.html
- Sky Chemical Services. (2022). Operation Theatre Sterilization by Fumigation. Retrieved from https://skychemicalservices.pk/operation-theatre-sterilization-by-fumigation/
- Studocu. (n.d.). OT Fumigation process. Retrieved from https://www.studocu.com/in/document/west-bengal-university-of-health-sciences/operation-theatre-technology/ot-fumigation-process/65200261
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Guideline for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/ssi/index.html
- World Health Organization. (2016). Global Guidelines for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/gpsc/ssi-prevention-guidelines/en/