Is Copper Tubing Safe for Swamp Cooler in Attic? 5 Key Facts

Copper tubing is a common material used for the water supply of swamp coolers, but there are several factors to consider when using it in an attic, particularly regarding freezing temperatures and potential leaks. This comprehensive guide will delve into the technical specifications, advantages, and potential drawbacks of using copper tubing for a swamp cooler in an attic, providing a valuable resource for DIY enthusiasts and homeowners.

Freezing Temperature Considerations

The freezing point of water in copper tubing is the same as in any other material, approximately 32°F (0°C). When the temperature drops below this point, there is a risk of the water in the tubing freezing and expanding, which can cause the tubing to burst. This is a particular concern in attics, where temperatures can drop significantly during colder months.

Factors Affecting Freezing Risk

1. Attic Insulation: The level of insulation in the attic plays a crucial role in maintaining a stable temperature. Poorly insulated attics are more susceptible to temperature fluctuations, increasing the risk of freezing.
2. Tubing Placement: The location of the copper tubing within the attic can impact its exposure to cold temperatures. Tubing placed near the attic’s exterior walls or in uninsulated areas is more vulnerable to freezing.
3. Tubing Diameter: Smaller-diameter copper tubing, typically 1/4 inch, has a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, making it more susceptible to freezing compared to larger-diameter tubing.
4. Ambient Temperature: The overall climate and seasonal temperature variations in the region can significantly affect the risk of freezing. Attics in colder climates are more likely to experience freezing temperatures.

Preventive Measures

1. Insulation: Ensuring adequate insulation in the attic, including around the copper tubing, can help maintain a more stable temperature and reduce the risk of freezing.
2. Heating Cables: Installing heating cables or heat tape along the copper tubing can provide additional protection against freezing, especially in areas with prolonged cold spells.
3. Pipe Wraps: Wrapping the copper tubing with insulating materials, such as foam pipe insulation, can also help prevent freezing.
4. Thermostat-Controlled Heating: Incorporating a thermostat-controlled heating system in the attic can automatically activate when temperatures drop below a specified threshold, safeguarding the copper tubing.

Potential Leaks and Damage

Copper tubing used for swamp coolers is often a softer type, which can be more easily kinked or damaged compared to other materials, such as plastic or PEX. This increased susceptibility to damage from impact or pressure can lead to leaks, which can cause significant water damage in an attic.

Factors Influencing Leaks

1. Tubing Material: Softer copper tubing, typically used for swamp coolers, is more prone to kinking and damage compared to harder, more rigid copper tubing.
2. Installation Techniques: Improper installation, such as sharp bends or excessive pressure on the tubing, can increase the risk of leaks.
3. Corrosion: Over time, copper tubing can be susceptible to corrosion, which can weaken the material and lead to leaks.
4. Attic Conditions: The presence of sharp objects, heavy loads, or other potential sources of impact or pressure in the attic can increase the risk of tubing damage and subsequent leaks.

Preventive Measures

1. Tubing Selection: Consider using more rigid, thicker-walled copper tubing or alternative materials, such as PEX or plastic irrigation lines, which are less susceptible to damage.
2. Proper Installation: Ensure that the copper tubing is installed with gentle bends, adequate support, and protection from potential sources of damage.
3. Regular Inspections: Periodically inspect the copper tubing for signs of damage, corrosion, or leaks, and address any issues promptly.
4. Leak Detection Systems: Incorporating a leak detection system, such as water sensors or automatic shut-off valves, can help mitigate the impact of any leaks that may occur.

Technical Specifications

Copper tubing used for swamp coolers typically has an inside diameter of 1/4 inch, as mentioned in a post on DoItYourself.com. This size is suitable for the low water pressure and flow rates required by swamp coolers. Copper tubing is also resistant to corrosion and has a long lifespan, making it a popular choice for this application.

Copper Tubing Characteristics

1. Diameter: Copper tubing for swamp coolers typically ranges from 1/4 inch to 3/8 inch in inside diameter, with 1/4 inch being the most common size.
2. Wall Thickness: The wall thickness of copper tubing used for swamp coolers is generally between 0.030 inches and 0.035 inches, providing a balance between durability and flexibility.
3. Material Grade: Copper tubing for swamp coolers is typically made from Type L or Type M copper, which have different strength and corrosion resistance properties.
4. Pressure Rating: Copper tubing used for swamp coolers is designed to withstand the low water pressure and flow rates associated with these systems, typically ranging from 50 to 100 PSI.

Advantages of Copper Tubing

1. Corrosion Resistance: Copper is highly resistant to corrosion, making it a durable choice for the water supply of swamp coolers.
2. Long Lifespan: Properly installed and maintained copper tubing can have a lifespan of 50 years or more, providing long-term reliability.
3. Flexibility: Copper tubing can be easily bent and shaped to navigate the tight spaces and irregular layouts often found in attics.
4. Thermal Conductivity: Copper’s high thermal conductivity can help transfer heat away from the water, potentially improving the efficiency of the swamp cooler.

DIY Considerations

When using copper tubing for a swamp cooler in an attic, it is essential to consider the potential for freezing temperatures and the risk of leaks. Using alternative materials, such as plastic tubing like PEX or irrigation line, may be a more cost-effective and practical option.

Advantages of Plastic Tubing

1. Freeze Resistance: Plastic tubing, such as PEX or irrigation line, is generally less susceptible to damage from freezing temperatures compared to copper tubing.
2. Ease of Installation: Plastic tubing is often more flexible and easier to work with, making it a more DIY-friendly option for attic installations.
3. Cost-Effectiveness: Plastic tubing is typically less expensive than copper tubing, which can be a significant factor for DIY projects.
4. Reduced Risk of Leaks: Plastic tubing is less prone to damage and kinking, reducing the risk of leaks in the attic.

Considerations for Plastic Tubing

1. UV Exposure: If the plastic tubing is exposed to direct sunlight in the attic, it may be necessary to use UV-resistant or opaque tubing to prevent degradation.
2. Compatibility: Ensure that the plastic tubing is compatible with the swamp cooler’s water supply system and any fittings or connections required.
3. Lifespan: While plastic tubing can have a long lifespan, it may not match the durability of copper tubing in some applications.

Ultimately, the choice between copper tubing and plastic tubing for a swamp cooler in an attic will depend on the specific requirements of the project, the local climate, and the DIY skills and preferences of the homeowner. By carefully considering the factors discussed in this guide, you can make an informed decision that best suits your needs and ensures the safe and reliable operation of your swamp cooler.

References

1. Swamp Cooler Water Supply – Copper
2. Plastic vs. Copper
3. Water Line that Goes Through Attic to Evap Cooler